C1 Topic 4: Sequences and series
Understanding summation notation
You must understand clearly how summation notation works, particularly use of the sigma symbol, the limits and the types of expressions used.

Summary Note that the notation \displaystyle \sum_{r=1}^{r=n} is often abbreviated to \displaystyle \sum_{1}^{n} or even just \displaystyle \sum. This page uses jsMath. Note that you can get a better display of the maths by downloading special TeX fonts from jsMath. In the meantime, we will do the best we can with the fonts you have, but it may not be pretty and some equations may not be rendered correctly.