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Mathematics

Any recommendations about mathematics books have to include Martin Gardner, who, inspired no doubt by Lewis Carroll, in turn has the knack of finding and "collecting" other excellent writers about mathematics. Collecting in the sense that their books will include a commendation on the cover from him or else a foreword or else are edited by him. So, they include David Wells, Keith Devlin, Rudy Rucker, Boris Kordemsky, H.E.Dudeney, Sam Loyd.
Martin Gardner wrote the column "Mathematical Games" for Scientific American for many years (Paul Erdös' biographer was his editor for a while) and then passed on the baton to Douglas Hofstadter who scrambled it into "Metamagical Themas", before handing over to Ian Stewart.
Also writing a column for Scientific American, though more on the...

Mathematics & Computers

... computer side, was A.K.Dewdney, who has written extensively about fractals, as have Clifford Pickover, James Gleick, Peitgen & Richter, Mandelbrot of course, and the creators of the definitive fractal generating program Fractint .
More mathematically less computerly, logo has some good books, notably by Papert, Abelson and diSessa, but if...

Computers

... computers are still the issue, then find out about the Internet, HTML and JavaScript.
Douglas Hofstadter College Professor of Cognitive Science and Computer Science; Adjunct Professor of History and Philosophy of Science, Philosophy, Comparative Literature, and Psychology Ph.D. in physics, University of Oregon, 1975; Pulitzer Prize (General Nonfiction category), 1980, American Book Award (Science Hardback category), 1980, for Gödel, Escher, Bach: an Eternal Golden Braid; Guggenheim Fellow, 1980-81. Visit his homepage gebGödel, Escher, Bach
Penguin. A classic book about mathematics (Gödel), art (Escher) and music (Bach), written in the spirit of Lewis Carroll. A work of art in itself.
Everything is a symbol, and symbols can combine to form patterns. Patterns are beautiful and revelatory of larger truths. These are the central ideas in the thinking of Kurt Gödel, M.C. Escher, and Johann Sebastian Bach, perhaps the three greatest minds of the past quarter-millennium. In a stunning work of humanism, Hofstadter ties together the work of mathematician Gödel, graphic artist Escher, and composer Bach.
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metamagical themasMetaMagical Themas
Penguin. This sentence is the first one here that tries to summarise the book's contents. This, the second sentence, continues in the same vein. Questing for the essence of mind and pattern, an interlocking collection of literary, scientific and artistic studies. The title is an anagram of "Mathematical Games". What about this: "This sentence contains exactly threee erors."

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M.C.Escher
A Dutch graphic artist, most recognized for spatial illusions, impossible buildings, repeating geometric patterns (tessellations), and his incredible techniques in woodcutting and lithography. M.C. Escher was born June 1898 and died March 1972. He was studied and greatly appreciated by respected mathematicians, scientists and crystallographers yet he had no formal training in math or science. He was a humble man who considered himself neither an artist or mathematician.
Intricate repeating patterns, mathematically complex structures, spatial perspectives all require a "second look". In Escher's work what you see the first time is most certainly not all there is to see.
Visit the World of Escher. Or the Escher Centential Congress In Rome, June 1998
m.c.escher29 Master Prints
Copies of his prints, including many deceptive mathematically based optical illusions (the impossible waterfall, the endless staircase, the Mott The Hoople LP cover!) and illustrations of self-referential concepts (two hands drawing each other).

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Martin Gardner
Martin Gardner (1914 - ) was the Mathematical Games columnist for Scientific American. He originated the column in 1956, and his columns appeared until his retirement from the magazine in 1986. He graduated Phi Beta Kappa from the University of Chicago in 1936. Prior to his Navy service in World War II, he was a reporter on the Tulsa Tribune and a staff writer with the University of Chicago Press Relations Department.
After the war, he became a freelance writer. His more-than-60 books have served generations of scholars, the merely curious, and serious researchers into esoteric branches of mathematics and "hard" sciences such as physics -- all of whom are astonished to learn that Mr. Gardner has no formal academic status in any of those disciplines.
Now ''retired," Martin Gardner turns out ''only two or three" books a year, and shows no signs of decelerating.

For a detailed index to 11 of his books see this Gardner index.
ambidextrous universeThe Ambidextrous Universe
Penguin. "Is God left-handed?" Martin Gardner takes an entertaining look at one of man's most puzzling questions: Is the universe symmetrical? This book is a popular survey of mirror symmetry (left vs. right) and asymmetry, and the significant roles they play in such diverse fields as mathematics, physics, art, music, poetry, and more!
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Mathematical Puzzles and Diversions
Penguin.
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annotated aliceThe Annotated Alice
by Martin Gardner (and Lewis Carroll), Penguin. Summarises the mathematics disguised within the Alice books. The only single-volume edition of Carroll's masterpieces, Alice in Wonderland and Alice Through the Looking Glass, contains the complete text of both works and annotations that highlight the games, references, and parodies in the works.
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Mathematics Magic and Mystery
Dover. Why do card tricks work? Or mind-reading tricks? Cards, dice, coins, topological tricks, geometrical vanishing tricks, pure numbers, Moebius strips... and no sleight of hand required. Includes the "divining a number" trick where he asks someone to choose a number between 1 and 10, then gets them to do some mental arithmetic and finally, after asking for NO information from them, tells them what number had been chosen!
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Anything else by Martin Gardner too.


Lewis Carroll
Charles Dodgson was a mathematics lecturer and author of mathematics books who is better known by the pseudonym Lewis Carroll. Dodgson is known especially for Alice's adventures in wonderland (1865) and Through the looking glass (1872), children's books that are also distinguished as satire and as examples of verbal wit.
He invented his pen name by anglicizing the translation of his first two names into the Latin 'Carolus Lodovicus'. The son of a clergyman Dodgson, from 1846 to 1850, attended Rugby School and graduated from Christ Church College Oxford in 1854, coming first in the Finals. Dodgson remained there, lecturing on mathematics and writing treatises and guides for students until 1881.
...excerpts from his biography.
Alice in Wonderlandand Alice Through the Looking Glass by Lewis Carroll.

Ian Stewart god plays dice Does God play Dice
Penguin. The new mathematics of chaos. Find out about fractals. Mathematicians and scientists have now discovered that systems obeying precise laws can behave in a random fashion. And perhaps God can play dice, and create a universe of complete law and order, in the same breath. This new science, the mathematics of chaos, is explained in this lucid, witty and engaging book.
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magical mazeThe Magical Maze
Phoenix. Seeing the world through mathematical eyes. Mathematics is a maze - a maze of ideas, a maze of logic. This is for anyone who has ever wondered about how the mathematical mind works, how mathematics relates to the real world, or how new mathematics gets done. Although some of the delightful puzzles, problems and teasers will give your brain a workout, you will be glad you followed the path to the end. Uses the maze metaphor (the book has an "entrance," "passages," and an "exit" rather than an introduction, chapters, and an end) to illustrate the mental journeys we take when solving everything from bar tricks to problems of artificial intelligence.
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Henry Ernest Dudeney Born 10 April 1857 in Mayfield, Sussex, England Died 24 April 1930 in Lewes, Sussex, England. He learnt to play chess at a young age and became interested in chess problems. From the age of nine he was composing problems and puzzles which he published in a local paper. Although he only had a basic education, he had a particular interest in mathematics and studied mathematics and its history. He began to write articles for magazines and joined a group of authors which included Arthur Conan Doyle. He was doing well publishing mathematical puzzles under the pseudonym 'Sphinx'.
Read this biography.
Amusements in Mathematics
Dover. A collection of teasers, first published in 1917. For example"... the twelve ways that eight queens can be placed on a chessboard without attacking one another..." .
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536536 Curious Problems and Puzzles
Barnes & Noble Books. This book is a compilation of some of Dudeney's most challenging conundrums culled from two printed collections, MODERN PUZZLES and PUZZLES AND CURIOUS PROBLEMS and runs the gamut from arithmetical, algebraic, and geometrical problems to game and domino puzzles, combinatorial and topological problems, and match puzzles. The answer section includes editorial footnotes, which in some instances point out how a solution has been improved or a problem extended by later experts. .
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Sam Loyd
Sam Loyd (born 31 Jan 1841 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania , USA, died 10 April 1911 in New York, USA) was America's greatest puzzle expert and invented thousands of ingenious and tremendously popular puzzles.
After his death, Loyd's son published the Cyclopedia of Puzzles, a huge collection of Loyd's puzzles which had appeared in various newspapers and magazines over the previous fifty years.
Try his 15 puzzle or some other classic puzzles
Mathematical Puzzles of Sam Loyd
Dover. A collection of classic puzzles and teasers.
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Boris Kordemsky moscow puzzlesThe Moscow Puzzles
Penguin. This book has been a classic in the former Soviet Union since it was first published in 1956, and it remains just as entertaining today. A master at making math fun for his high school students, Boris Kordemsky loaded this clever collection with a wide variety of math and logic related games and puzzles dealing with magic squares, tricky weights and measures, properties of numbers, mathematical tricks, and more. Number and math game fans are bound to find several new amusements here. Even many of the well-known classics from generations past take on new life with the fresh twists Kordemsky provides.
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Paul Erdös
Erdös wrote a huge number of significant papers about mathematics. See the Erdös Number Project for more.
the man who... The Man Who Loved Only Numbers
Fourth Estate. A biography by Paul Hoffman. The story of Paul Erdös, the most prolific and eccentric mathematician of our times, who lived for more than six decades out of two tattered suitaces, and gave his love to numbers and the search for mathematical proof. He published almost 1500 scholarly papers before his death in 1996, and he probably thought more about math problems than anyone in history. Like a traveling salesman offering his thoughts as wares, Erdös would show up on the doorstep of one mathematician or another and announce, "My brain is open." After working through a problem, he'd move on to the next place, the next solution.
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Rudy Rucker
Visit his homepage
infinityInfinity and the Mind
Princeton University Press. The Science and Philosophy of the Infinite. Rudy Rucker leads an excursion to that stretch of the universe he calls the "Mindscape," where he explores infinity in all its forms: potential and actual, mathematical and physical, theological and mundane. Here Rucker acquaints us with Godel's rotating universe, in which it is theoretically possible to travel into the past, and explains an interpretation of quantum mechanics in which billions of parallel worlds are produced every microsecond. It is in the realm of infinity, he maintains, that mathematics, science, and logic merge with the fantastic. Using cartoons, puzzles, and quotations to enliven his text, Rucker guides us through such topics as the paradoxes of set theory, the possibilities of physical infinities, and the results of Godel's incompleteness theorems.
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Cundy & Rollett Mathematical Models
Tarquin Publications. How to make a wide variety of models, including Archimedean and Stellated polyhedra.
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Anything published by Tarquin Books.

Keith Devlin
A native of England, Dr. Devlin has resided in the USA since 1987. Senior Researcher at the Center for the Study of Language and Information at Stanford University. He is the former editor of FOCUS, the news magazine of the Mathematical Association of America and the author of Devlin's Angle, a monthly column on the association's electronic journal MAA.
He has written twenty-one books and over sixty-five published research articles. Since the 1980s, his research work has been centered around the task of applying mathematical techniques to issues of language and information.
Mathematics: The New Golden Age
Penguin. The author's aim: to capture in one volume the essential power and excitement of mathematics in today's "new golden age".
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David Wells curious and interestingThe Penguin Dictionary of Curious and Interesting numbers
Penguin. All you ever wanted to know about numbers: obscure details, little known facts... Although 43 is missing from his book, which is curious because it is the smallest integer with that property. And 51 is missing too, which is odd because students often mistakenly think it is prime.
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curious geometryThe Penguin Dictionary of Curious and Interesting Geometry
Penguin. A companion volume to the author's Dictionary of Curious and Interesting Numbers, which focuses on arithmetic and number theory. The entries in this book cover curves, topology, tilings and all branches of plane and three-dimensional geometry, from Euclid to fractals. Review from Amazon.com: 5 stars
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you are!You Are A Mathematician
Penguin. Anyone familiar with numbers, circles, straight lines and squares can start becoming a mathematician. Sample: when taking a penalty kick in rugby football (and assuming you are not "between the posts"), how far back should you place the ball? Too close or too far and the angle is too tight...
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Seymour Papert mindstormsMind-storms, Harvester Press. All about logo - how it was invented and how it works. A visionary book that began the computer revolution in schools. The bible of thousands of teachers who have sought creative ways to use computers in schools, this book tells the story of the invention of LOGO, the first child-friendly computer programming language.
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Abelson and diSessa Turtle Geometry
MIT Press. Described on its cover as being about "the computer as a medium for exploring mathematics"; it is an in depth look at the use of the logo language.
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James Gleick chaos Chaos
Heineman. Making a new science. A concise history of the world of chaos: including fractals, the butterfly effect. Few writers distinguish themselves by their ability to write about complicated, even obscure topics clearly and engagingly. James Gleick, a former science writer for the New York Times, resides in this exclusive category. In Chaos, he takes on the job of depicting the first years of the study of chaos--the seemingly random patterns that characterize many natural phenomena.
This is not a purely technical book. Instead, it focuses as much on the scientists studying chaos as on the chaos itself. In the pages of Gleick's book, the reader meets dozens of extraordinary and eccentric people. For instance, Mitchell Feigenbaum, who constructed and regulated his life by a 26-hour clock and watched his waking hours come in and out of phase with those of his coworkers at Los Alamos National Laboratory.
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Benoit B. Mandelbrot
Benoit Mandelbrot was largely responsible for the present interest in Fractal Geometry. He showed how Fractals can occur in many different places in both Mathematics and elsewhere in Nature. Born in Poland in 1924. His family emigrated to France in 1936. Benoit attended the Lyce Rolin in Paris, then studied at Lyon, then at the California Institute of Technology in the USA. In 1945 his uncle introduced him to Julia's important 1918 paper as a masterpiece and a potential source of interesting problems, but Mandelbrot did not like it. Instead he chose his own very different course which, however, brought him back to Julia's paper in 1977 after a path through many different sciences which some characterise as highly individualistic or nomadic.
...an excerpt from his biography.
mandelbrot Fractal Geometry of Nature
W H Freeman & Co. The immortal classic. Imagine an equilateral triangle. Now, imagine smaller equilateral triangles perched in the center of each side of the original triangle--you have a Star of David. Now, place still smaller equilateral triangles in the center of each of the star's 12 sides. Repeat this process infinitely and you have a Koch snowflake, a mind-bending geometric figure with an infinitely large perimeter, yet with a finite area. This is an example of the kind of mathematical puzzles that this book addresses. The Fractal Geometry of Nature is a mathematics text. But buried in the deltas and lambdas and integrals, even a layperson can pick out and appreciate Mandelbrot's point: that somewhere in mathematics, there is an explanation for nature. It is not a coincidence that fractal math is so good at generating images of cliffs and shorelines and capillary beds.
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Fractint Fractal Creations
Tim Wegner, Bert Tyler, Waite Group Press. All about fractals, including software (Fractint) and hundreds of high resolution images on CD. See their web-site
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Peitgen & Richter beauty of fractalsThe Beauty of Fractals
Springer-Verlag. One of the essential reference books on fractals. The authors present an unusual attempt to publicize the field of Complex Dynamics, an exciting mathematical discipline of respectable tradition that recently sprang into new life under the impact of modern computer graphics. Where previous generations of scientists had to develop their own inner eye to perceive the abstract aesthetics of their work, the astonding pictures assembled here invite the reader to share in a new mathematical experience, to revel in the charm of fractal frontiers.
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A.K.Dewdney The Armchair Universe
Freeman. An exploration of computer worlds.

the magic machineThe Magic Machine
Freeman. A handbook of computer sorcery. Ideas range form purely entertaining bran-teasers to more practical applications of scientific thought. "Take the Mandelbus to the Problemtown train departing for Solutionville... For sorcerers and apprentice sorcerers alike."
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200%200% of Nothing
John Wiley. An Eye-Opening Tour Through the Twists and Turns of Math Abuse and Innumeracy. With the razor-sharp wit that made him popular as the "Mathematical Recreations" columnist for Scientific American, Dewdney exposes all the slick tricks and subtle schemes used by advertisers, politicians, stockbrokers, car dealers, and just about anybody who tries to impress us with numbers. Amusing examples of every kind of math abuse taken from real-life cases.
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Clifford A. Pickover
"My primary interest is finding new ways to continually expand creativity by melding art, science, mathematics and other seemingly-disparate areas of human endeavor. I seek not only to expand the mind, but to shatter it."
Cliff Pickover, besides writing popular books about science, computers and computer art, conducts research in the fields of computer graphics and scientific visualization, edits scientific journals, and creates puzzles for Discover magazine. See Clifford A. Pickover's Home Page .
Computers, Pattern, Chaos, and Beauty
Alan Sutton. Graphics from an unseen world.
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Anything by Clifford A. Pickover.

Computers and the Imagination,
Alan Sutton. Visual adventures beyond the edge. "In this book, I examine the manifold ways in which computers transform how we both perceive and understand the world around us. Computers and the Imagination includes a range of topics from artificial spider webs, to pain-inducing patterns, to computer-generated poetry. Along the way, I use the computer to gain new insights into the very origins of human creativity. The book includes: computer graphics, strange problems, and startling applications of computer science to art, music, poetry, science, and technology."
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The Internet The schools' guide to the INTERNET
Peter McBride, Heinemann. Put the Net to work searching, downloading, publishing, emailling.
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HTML htmlHTML: The Definitive Guide
Musciano & Kennedy, O'Reilly. Describing basic syntax and semantics, this guide goes on to explain how to create attractive, informative, and dynamic web documents. This second edition covers the most up-to-date version of the HTML standard (the proposed HTML version 3.2), Netscape 4.0 and Internet Explorer 3.0, plus all the common extensions, especially Netscape extensions.
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JavaScript mastering javascriptMastering JavaScript
James Jaworski, Sybex. Written for the people who have a basic knowledge of computers, a scripting language, and the Internet, this text aims to help the user add professional interactive information to their Web sites, including animation, real-time updates, and visitor changeable screens.
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And finally

"The first sign of senility is that a man forgets his theorems, the second sign is that he forgets to zip up, the third sign is that he forgets to zip down."
- Stanislaw Ulam

Any comments gratefully received.
© MathsNet 1999